Republic of Iraq has arid desert land to the west of the Euphrates, a broad and fertile central valley between the Euphrates and the Tigris, and mountains in the northeast.
Iraq is bounded on the east by Iran, on the north by Türkiye, on the west by Syria and Jordan, and in the south by Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.
Two-thirds of the Iraqi economy is powered by oil production. Existing oil fields are widely dispersed in the south of the country, amounting to one of the largest reserves in the world.
Iraq has significant gas reserves, usually found in conjunction with oil. Significant amount of these remains untapped but could be exported or used to provide a significant and sustainable energy source for electricity production with the view to drive the domestic manufacturing industry.
Apart from hydrocarbons, Iraq’s other natural resources include phosphates, and sulphur. Agriculture has historically been of a great economic importance for Iraq. Farm management, animal husbandry, and pasture improvement, with livestock including cattle, sheep, goats and poultry, are important industries.